Victim-Oriented Justice in Criminal Responsibility for Child Sexual Violence: Analysis of Court Decisions
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This study seeks to analyze the regulation of criminal liability for perpetrators of sexual violence against children within the framework of Indonesian positive law, examine its application in court decisions, and determine whether its implementation has reflected victim-oriented justice. The research is driven by the growing number of sexual violence cases involving children and the continuing lack of optimal protection for victims’ rights, particularly in relation to restitution and rehabilitation within criminal justice proceedings. The study applies a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The data sources consist of primary and secondary legal materials that are examined through qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings reveal that criminal accountability for perpetrators of sexual violence against children has been comprehensively regulated under Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, Law Number 17 of 2016 concerning the Enactment of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2016, and Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Sexual Violence Crimes. These legal provisions not only regulate criminal prohibitions and sanctions for offenders but also provide guarantees for victim protection and recovery through restitution, rehabilitation, and legal assistance. However, in judicial practice, the implementation of criminal responsibility remains more focused on punishing offenders than restoring victims’ rights. This is reflected in the Salatiga District Court Decision Number 2/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Slt, where the court established the elements of the offense convincingly but did not include restitution or rehabilitation for the child victim. Based on Lawrence M. Friedman’s theory, this condition indicates that victim protection has not yet been fully implemented effectively.
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