Juridical Review of Causality of Unlawful Acts and Compensation in Land Tenure Disputes by Local Governments (Study of Supreme Court Decision Number 1123 K/Pdt/2022)
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This research aims to analyze the regulation of unlawful acts and compensation according to the Civil Code, examine the elements of causality of losses to unlawful acts, and analyze the judges' legal considerations in the Supreme Court Decision Number 1123 K/Pdt/2022. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach and a case approach. The legal materials used consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that are analyzed qualitatively by prescriptive methods. The results of the study show that the regulation of unlawful acts in the Civil Code is centered on Article 1365 which requires the fulfillment of four elements cumulatively, namely the existence of unlawful acts, faults on the perpetrators, losses suffered by other parties, and the causal relationship between acts and losses, where the damages that can be claimed include material and immaterial damages. The element of causality is the most difficult element to prove because it requires a direct and real cause-and-effect relationship, where the proof is not enough to show the relationship between the action and the loss but also must be proven that the legal provisions violated are indeed intended to protect the legitimate interests of the landowner as known in the schutznorm theory. The Supreme Court in Decision Number 1123 K/Pdt/2022 has appropriately established a causal relationship between the possession of land by the Defendant without a valid procedure and the Plaintiff's losses and granted material damages of Rp14,940,750,000.00.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Herman Brahmana, Daniel Pandapotan Purba, Gabriella Putri A. Br Sitepu (Author)
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